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Studies / Clairvoyance / Long-distance ESP: A controlled study.

Future Visions: Lab Tests Reveal Precognition

Thelma Moss, Alice F. Chang, Marc A. LevittJournal of Abnormal Psychology, 1970 Peer-Reviewed
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✦ Imagine …

Can people sense distant events across continents?

Imagine sitting in a room in Los Angeles in 1970, watching emotionally charged scenes unfold on a screen, while strangers thousands of miles away in New York and England are simultaneously writing down their spontaneous thoughts and feelings. This is exactly what researchers Thelma Moss and her team orchestrated in an ambitious experiment testing whether human consciousness could somehow bridge vast distances. When 22 'transmitters' in LA focused on dramatic episodes, 57 'receivers' across three cities were asked to capture whatever impressions came to mind, then choose which of two images best matched their experience. The results suggest something intriguing was happening across those thousands of miles.

Receivers correctly identified emotional episodes transmitted from thousands of miles away.

In 1970, researchers conducted an ambitious experiment spanning three cities and two continents to test whether emotional experiences could be transmitted telepathically across vast distances. The study involved 22 transmitters in Los Angeles and 57 receivers scattered across Los Angeles, New York, and Sussex, England. This was one of the first controlled attempts to test extrasensory perception across intercontinental distances.

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When people focused on emotional content in Los Angeles, receivers thousands of miles away scored significantly better than chance at matching their impressions to the correct images.

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Key Findings

  • Receivers correctly identified the emotional episodes significantly more often than chance would predict (p < .003), but performed only at chance level for the neutral control episodes.
  • Some receivers' written impressions showed striking similarities to what the transmitters were experiencing, even across thousands of miles.

What Is This About?

The researchers showed emotional episodes (like dramatic scenes) and neutral control episodes to transmitters in Los Angeles, who wrote down their reactions. At the exact same local time, receivers in the three distant cities wrote their spontaneous impressions without knowing what was being transmitted. After writing their thoughts, receivers were shown pairs of slides and asked to choose which one best matched their impressions. The researchers then compared how often receivers correctly identified the transmitted material versus what would be expected by random chance.

Methodology

Transmitters in Los Angeles viewed emotional and control episodes while receivers in three distant cities wrote impressions and selected matching slides.

Outcomes

Receivers scored significantly above chance for emotional episodes (p < .003) but at chance level for control episodes, with some striking parallels noted between transmitter and receiver protocols.

How Good Is the Evidence?

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The probability of these results occurring by chance was less than 3 in 1000 (p < .003) — roughly equivalent to correctly guessing a specific playing card from a deck three times in a row. This is considered statistically significant in psychology research.

Anecdotal5/100
AnecdotalPreliminarySolidStrongOverwhelming

Supporters argue this demonstrates genuine telepathic abilities, especially since emotional content worked while neutral content didn't, and the effect occurred across vast distances. Skeptics question whether the slide-matching task was truly objective, whether there might have been subtle cues or communication between sites, and whether the results have been independently replicated. Both sides agree the study was more rigorous than typical ESP research of its era.

↔ Interpretation Spectrum

Mainstream: Statistical anomaly likely due to methodological flaws or selective reporting not apparent in the abstract. Moderate: Intriguing results that warrant replication with stronger controls and pre-registration. Frontier: Evidence for genuine telepathic abilities that work best with emotional content across any distance.

Common Misconception

Many people think ESP research lacks scientific rigor, but this study used proper controls including neutral episodes that showed no effect, suggesting the results weren't due to general experimental bias or wishful thinking.

Convincing Checklist
2 of 5 criteria met
Met2/5
Large sample (N>100)
Peer-reviewed journal
Replicated
Significant effect
DOI available

To settle this question would require large-scale, pre-registered replications with stronger blinding, real-time monitoring to prevent communication between sites, and brain imaging to understand potential mechanisms. This study meets the criteria of having controls and statistical significance, but lacks the methodological rigor expected in modern parapsychology research.

Results showed that the 57 Rs scored significantly beyond chance expectations (p < .003) for the experimental episodes but only at chance for the controls.

Stance: Supportive

What Does It Mean?

The idea that someone's focused attention in Los Angeles could somehow influence what strangers in England were experiencing simultaneously challenges everything we think we know about the limits of human connection.

Think of times when you suddenly thought of someone far away, only to receive an unexpected call or message from them. This study tested whether such seemingly telepathic connections might work even when people are separated by continents and time zones.

If these findings reflect a genuine phenomenon, they would suggest that human consciousness might operate through mechanisms we don't yet understand, potentially challenging our assumptions about the boundaries of information transfer. Such results could point toward unexplored aspects of how minds might connect across space, opening new questions about the nature of consciousness itself.

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Science Literacy Tip

This study demonstrates the importance of control conditions — the fact that neutral episodes showed no effect while emotional ones did suggests the results weren't simply due to experimental bias or lucky guessing.

Understanding Terms

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Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
The claimed ability to receive information through means other than the known physical senses, such as telepathy or clairvoyance.
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Statistical Significance
When research results are unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, typically when probability is less than 5% (p < 0.05).
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Control Condition
A comparison condition in an experiment designed to rule out alternative explanations for the results.

What This Study Claims

Findings

Striking parallels between transmitter and receiver protocols were noted in qualitative analysis

weak

Receivers scored significantly beyond chance expectations (p < .003) for experimental episodes but only at chance for controls

moderate

Interpretations

Emotional episodes produced ESP effects while control episodes did not, suggesting content specificity

moderate

Long-distance ESP effects were demonstrated across thousands of miles between Los Angeles, New York, and England

moderate

This summary is for general information about current research. It does not constitute medical advice. The scientific interpretation of these results is debated among researchers. If personally affected, please consult qualified professionals.